Frozen shoulder

Adhesive capsulitis is also called as frozen shoulder syndrome. Adhesive capsulitis is a condition,which involves scarring,inflammation and tightening of the connective tissue around the joints of the shoulder, which results in shoulder pain and significant loss of range of motion of the shoulder.                                        For some people, the pain worsens at night, sometimes disrupting sleep. Frozen shoulder most commonly affects people between the ages of 40-60, and occurs in women more often than men.

In addition, people with diabetes are at an increased risk for developing frozen shoulder.

More than 1 million cases per year (India).

Frozen shoulder typically develops slowly, and in three stages. Each stage can last a number of months.

Stage 1: Freezing

In the "freezing" stage, you slowly have more and more pain. As the pain worsens, your shoulder loses range of motion. Freezing typically lasts from 6 weeks to 9 months.

Stage 2: Frozen

Painful symptoms may actually improve during this stage, but the stiffness remains. During the 4 to 6 months of the "frozen" stage, daily activities may be very difficult.

Stage 3: Thawing

Shoulder motion slowly improves during the "thawing" stage. Complete return to normal or close to normal strength and motion typically takes from 6 months to 2 years.

Types--

Primary Adhesive Capsulitis:
The particular cause of primary adhesive capsulitis is unknown. (suspected causes may include hormonal and biochemical imbalances, few neurological and cardiovascular disorders, changes in the immune system and diabetes mellitus. )Diabetes patients may be very much prone to develop the condition of adhesive capsulitis. Primary adhesive capsulitis generally affects both the shoulders, however, it is not necessary that both the shoulders may get affected at the same time. 

Secondary Adhesive Capsulitis:
Secondary adhesive capsulitis is often caused due to prolonged period of immobilization, stiffness following a shoulder injury, or a surgery. The condition of secondary adhesive capsulitis may become severe if left untreated and may also last from 1-3 years of duration.

Signs and Symptoms--

•Exacerbation of the pain during movements of the shoulder such as pushing, pulling, lifting, carrying, arm elevation, taking the hand behind the back and lying on the affected side.

•Stiffness in the shoulder, neck, upper arm, and upper back.

•Pain often at night or on waking up in the morning.

•Possible muscle wasting due to immobility.

Causes and Risk Factors

•Damage or injury to the shoulder joint or surrounding soft tissue.

•Excessive shoulder use without adequate rest.

•Prolonged period of immobility.

•Cervical disc disease.

•Shoulder surgery.

•Diabetes.

•Hyperthyroidism.

•Auto-immune diseases.

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